Metal-soil interface adhesion in clay clogging during shield tunneling: Theoretical model and experimental validation

Clogging is a major geohazards risk in mechanized tunnelling through cohesive soils.Clay clogging results from the high adhesion between the clay and metal.Based on the water film theory and Reynolds fluid equation, the interfacial adhesion between metal and soil is simplified in this study as viscous hydrodynamic behavior between planes.Considerin

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Update on cryptogenic organizing pneumonia

Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) is a form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia that results from the pulmonary reaction to various unidentified injuries.Secondary organizing pneumonia is diagnosed when the triggering factor has been identified; it is mainly caused by infections, toxic substance exposure, drugs, connective tissue diseases, ma

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